The Vital Role of Play in Brain Development Across All Ages
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Chapter 1: Understanding Play and Its Impact
“Playing doesn’t cease as we age; rather, we age when we cease to play.” — George Bernard Shaw
Photo by Cleyton Ewerton on Unsplash
Recently, I welcomed a 5-week-old stray kitten into my home. He arrived famished, frail, and extremely cautious. Establishing trust was our first goal. I provided him with food, sparking his curiosity. After a couple of meals, he permitted me to come closer. After a lengthy five hours, he finally let me hold him and bring him inside.
However, once indoors, he reverted to his anxious state. By day’s end, he was completely worn out and nestled behind a curtain to sleep. Upon waking, he seemed slightly more relaxed but still wary. The following day involved a lot of eating, drinking, and gradually inching closer to me. It was only after this process that he began to engage in playful behavior.
This experience highlighted for me that play arises from a relaxed nervous system, indicating a sense of safety in ourselves, our surroundings, and with those around us. When we feel secure enough to engage in play, our brains can flourish, facilitating social interaction, creativity, and imagination. This, in turn, fosters the development of neural pathways that bolster confidence, self-regulation, critical thinking, and a sense of belonging.
Research indicates that play also enhances language and reasoning abilities while promoting independent thought and problem-solving skills. These benefits lead to improved focus, better self-control, and heightened creativity in later life.
A Chemical Reaction
Scientific studies show that engaging in playful activities triggers the release of six key hormones that contribute to our sense of well-being: endorphins, oxytocin, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and GABA. It is clear why play has numerous positive effects on mental health for children, my kitten, and adults.
Let’s explore each of these hormones in detail.
Endorphins
Engaging in play leads to the release of endorphins, which interact with receptors in the brain to manage pleasure and pain. These hormones enhance our mood and energy levels and can even alleviate discomfort in everyday situations. They also boost immune function and help reduce stress.
Oxytocin
Research at Stanford University has shown that activities fostering social connections—like hugging or playing—stimulate the release of oxytocin, often referred to as the “love hormone.” Even the simple recognition of familiar faces can trigger this beneficial chemical.
Dopamine
Dopamine serves as a motivator and reward system, playing a crucial role in our happiness. It enhances cognitive functions, improves focus, and fosters a sense of satisfaction and contentment over time.
Serotonin
Play also promotes the release of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that influences our mood, sleep patterns, and memory. By regulating serotonin levels, play positively impacts various aspects of our lives.
Norepinephrine
Also known as adrenaline, norepinephrine is linked to attention, alertness, and focus. This is one reason why team sports and social play are so enjoyable.
GABA
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter that encourages relaxation and calmness. It plays a role in reducing anxiety and stress levels, as well as regulating sleep.
Favorite Ways to Play
Some of my favorite activities include:
- Dancing
- Singing
- Storytelling
- Playing sports
- Playing music
- Engaging in games
- Dressing up
- Spending time with loved ones
- Socializing
- Playing with pets (like my new kitten!)
- Scuba diving
- Arts & crafts
- Exercising
- Swimming
- Gardening
- Intimacy (as Alex Comfort noted, "Sex is the most important sort of adult play.")
Chapter 2: The Benefits of Play for the Elderly
The first video titled "How Play Helps Child Development" explores the crucial role of play in childhood, emphasizing its long-term benefits.
The second video "Brain Development & Play" delves into how play influences cognitive growth and emotional well-being.
Play is equally beneficial for seniors. “While it is well-known that play fosters child development, it can also bring transformative benefits to older adults. Engaging in playful activities at any stage of life can alleviate stress, provide comfort, and infuse joy into everyday experiences, particularly for those with dementia or Alzheimer’s.” — Tailored Home Care Inc.
As adults, we often engage in tasks for their practicality, often neglecting the importance of play. Some even mistakenly define play as solely a children's activity, as if we are expected to abandon it as we grow older.
As George Bernard Shaw poignantly stated, “We don’t stop playing because we get old; we grow old because we stop playing.” Children embody the essence of play and remind us that life is a game requiring our participation.
My kitten serves as a daily reminder of this truth, reinforcing that play is essential for individuals of all ages.
Closing Thoughts
Children who experience a lack of love and attention often struggle to engage in play, as they do not feel secure. Consequently, the brain region responsible for feelings of safety, love, and belonging does not develop adequately.
Fortunately, the brain continues to grow and adapt throughout our lives. As Tom Robbins famously stated, “It’s never too late to have a happy childhood.” Engaging in play is a wonderful way to achieve this.